Is Graduate School a Job?

From Persephone Magazine:

This is not a unique or a new debate. While in this case I am looking at graduate school, the same argument about whether or not academic careers should be treated like jobs has been raging and will continue to rage for quite some time. On the surface, the debate seems very silly: people get paid for working in academia, so it is clearly a job. Dig a little deeper, and the debate is, well, the debate is still pretty silly. The argument goes that a researcher’s passion for their subject must be all encompassing and that they must feel compelled to think about or read about or actually do work almost every waking moment.

Interesting–I’ve always viewed the whole “graduate school as a job” topic as a classed debate. As a graduate student from a working family, I generally feel guilty comparing my work to the arduous full time employment of my family members. Sitting around procrastinating writing my paper is an incredibly privileged position in contrast to the demanding hours and overwhelming workload of a mechanic, nurse, or farmer. Even when I work a ‘real’ full time job in the summer, I am amazed at how easy I have it at school when I am only required to be on campus around 15 hours per week. Granted, there is a lot of self-determined study time and never-ending teaching and academic tasks involved, but the work is not physically demanding or temporally strict. That to me positions graduate school as a privileged career choice rather than a form of paid labor.

Thoughts?

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Community: Pillows and Blankets and Public History

Last week’s episode of Community featured an epic documentary a la Ken Burns’ Civil War that documented the colossal pillow fight between Abed Nadir’s Pillowstown and ex-best friend Troy Barnes’ Blanketsburg.  The episode utilized an impressive array of sources that should be of interest to digital public historians, especially those creating their own Burnsian mini-documentaries this week in Loyola HIST 479.

Oral Histories

There are people who say, ‘I don’t get it. So it was a pillow fight.’ To which I say, you weren’t there.
-Shirley “Big Cheddar” Bennett

Photography

Britta Perry attempts to capture the war’s sublime indignities on film. Unfortunately for Britta and millions of photographers like her, just because something is in black and white, doesn’t mean it’s good.
-Narrator

Digital Sources (Text Messages, Emails, Cell Phone Footage)

Annie,
Okay, you caught me.  I prefer war to homework.  How do you do that little thumb icon? I can’t find it on my phone.
-Jeff Winger

Jeff,
You are disgusting. Troy and Abed’s friendship is at stake! You can buy special icons in packages at the app store. [Piece of sushi] [Birthday cake] [Stop sign] [Snowman] [Umbrella]
-Annie Edison

Map

The North Cafeteria, named after Admiral William North, is located in the western portion of East Hall, gateway to the to the western half of North Hall, which is named, not after William North, but for its position north of the South Wall.  It is the most contested and confusing battlefield on Greendale’s campus.
-Narrator

Apart from the impressive array of primary sources, the episode’s crucial lesson for the historian is to be aware of the constructedness of sources.  Britta’s photos reminds us that photography is inherently limited by the subject position, skills, and interest of the photographer.  And at the conclusion of the episode we cautioned against trusting seemingly transparent sources when central character Jeff Winger writes a diary entry that he immediately hands to the cameraman, adding, “If you want I can read it in the documentary.”

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The Digital Narrative of Perez Hamilton

PerezHamilton.com parodies pop culture gossip monger Perez Hilton by blogging about major events of seventeenth century American history.  The site functions as a digital narrative by exhibiting components explicated by Bryan Alexander in The New Digital Storytelling: Creating Narratives with New Media.  Perez Hamilton presents a sequence of content in linear time to convey a historical narrative in a contemporary, comedic style.  It operates as a series of “short-short stories” that is part online diary, part character exposition (Alexander 58-59).  The text is accompanied by historical images embellished with doodles à la Perez Hilton.  By relaying past events in a chronological narrative order while incorporating culturally relevant linguistic and visual cues, Perez Hamilton succeeds in creating an effective intersection of past and present for the education and entertainment of a digital public audience.

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Questioning Online Archives

To begin my foray into the world of digital archiving, I uploaded several images of the 1893 Columbian Exposition on to an Omeka website.  Specifically, I sampled images of the Midway Plaisance published in souvenir books in order to facilitate my own academic research.  I only entered relevent metadata that made sense to me and my research goals while eschewing some of the more technical categorizations. (The idea of “controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646” inspires deep fear within me.)

In the process I encountered a few technical conundrums.  How do I categorize a photograph of a photograph in a published volume?  Whom do I invest with the authoritative title of “creator”?  What methodology of tagging should I adhere to?

If this archive merely functions as a personal research tool, I can develop my own idiosyncratic responses to the above questions.  However, if the archive is to be made public, these questions quickly lead me into uneasy ethical territory.

First of all, the material I am uploading is deeply problematic.  Each caption drips with the influence of Social Darwinism and the photography hides complicated power dynamics of consumption and performance.  In fact, the whole point of my research is to investigate how these images and captions serve to affirm a dominant narrative of national identity.  Without the accompanying analysis, however, I am in danger of reproducing the racism and othering that takes place within the souvenir books.

Furthermore, how am I to go about categorizing the materials in a way that meets the vast and ever changing needs of researchers? A given image can be analyzed from an infinite number of angles.  As a result, any categorization that I impose reveals more about me and my subjectivity than it serves to thoroughly or usefully describe the image.  This is a critique that I maintain about archives in general.  How often does an archivist willingly or uncritically assign value to objects that perpetuate dominant structures of power and maintain damaging silences in the historical record?

Surely digital archives hold value for academic research or perhaps for a public history project structured around specific educational goals.  But a public archive that does not facilitate interpretation strikes me as arbitrary and dangerous; it represents the subjectivity of the archivist and often perpetuates a dominant system of value judgment.

UPDATE: The archive of souvenir book images is not only public now, but it also includes an exhibit that begins to analyze how hegemonic projects operate within representations of women on the Midway.  While the site is still a work in progress and relies too heavily on poorly edited academic musings, the exhibit still promises a more responsible and meaningful display of culturally loaded images from the nineteenth century.

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Historic (Web)sites

How can a website assist the interpretive mission of a historic site?  I am loosely defining a historic site as a historically significant location preserved to fulfill an educational function in contrast to a museum focused on the collection and display of historic objects. After browsing some great and less than great websites, I’ve compiled a handy list of qualities that contribute to a strong online presence for historic sites:

Design

  • Aesthetic – clear format, readable font, effective use of images and visually appealing color schemes
  • Functional – an easily navigable home page and a stable menu so the visitor can easily orient themselves and explore the site
  • Up to date – consistent website maintenance to meet the rapidly changing expectations of internet users

Content

  • Logistics – quick access to information necessary for planning a visit or attending upcoming events
  • Resources – primary and secondary sources to provide interpretive depth for interested visitors
  • Engagement – active discussion forums and/or links to social media platforms

What characteristics do you value in a historic site website?  Are there appealing components of non-institutional websites that could be incorporated into the online world of public history?

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    Imperialist War

    Practicing my novice Photoshop skills with a composite image of a WWII Soviet TASS Poster and the Michigan Avenue Bridge sculpture that commemorates the Battle of Fort Dearborn.

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    Flickr for the Public Historian

    Flickr is the black hole of pretty pictures.  Its emphasis on digital photography and aesthetic beauty foreshadows the popularity of Tumblr and Pinterest.  The site certainly holds value for historians through the sheer volume of historical imagery, and the potential for online conversations revolving around those images should catch the interest of public historians.

    From vintage postcards to old advertisements, Flickr can essentially serve as an archive for the visual culture oriented historian.  But how should historians cite Flickr images?

    World's Columbian Exposition: Ferris Wheel, Chicago, United States, 1893.

    The photo above of the Midway at the 1893 Chicago World’s Fair clearly derives from a physical print, perhaps a souvenir book or newspaper publication.  If a historian were to use this image for an academic manuscript, should she city the online image or the unknown analog source?  Beyond copyright, this question taps into the broader discussion of digital texts and authenticity.

    Whether or not the historian incorporates an image into her work, she must decide how to engage (or not) with the conversations that often accompany Flickr pictures.  The image above, for example, stimulated a lively conversation in which members of the Flickr community identified buildings in the image and suggested external sources of interest.  Should public historians trust, validate, or challenge the information provided by seemingly amateur plebeians?  Perhaps it would be more meaningful to ask if public historians could push Flickr discussions beyond questions of accuracy and context into the realm of interrogating and analyzing images in specific historical contexts.  If so, Flickr could become a platform for meaningful community dialogue on intersections between the past and present.

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    Between the Personal and the Professional

    As a public historian and young adult, there is no question of whether or not I will cultivate an online presence.  Recently, however, I have been seriously grappling with the implications of separating or integrating my personal and professional online personas.

    In my first months as a graduate student I launched a personal blog to polemicize on past and present culture.  My goal was twofold: to critically engage with the culture I consume and to get into the habit of writing.  Soon my blog became a steam valve for me to articulate my frustrations and revelations when my academic training informed my evaluation of popular culture and vice versa.  With elation I realized that I could perform analysis as colorfully as I desired.  I cursed freely, exhibited anger, expressed pleasure—all of the things that academics aren’t supposed to do.  I utilized sarcasm, humor, and reflexivity at will while freely incorporating images, animated .gifs, and videos.  My blog quickly evolved into a carefully constructed yet authentic representation of my subject position at the intersection of the past and present, the personal and political, the intellectual and the plebeian.

    With Past Present and related projects produced for a Public History and New Media course, I found myself creating a whitewashed copy of my online persona.  I opened a new, profanity-free Twitter account.  In this blog, I mask my subjectivity and code my thoughts with multisyllabic vocabulary.  I can analyze gender but won’t rage against the patriarchy. I purposefully silence my personal experience and potentially caustic opinions in order to portray myself as a serious and responsible scholar.

    Of course, the need for distance between the personal and the professional is a reality in nearly every occupation.  But humanities scholars are in the business of addressing culture that has been historically undervalued by nature of its class, gender, and racial signifiers.  In addition, public historians need to seriously engage with all facets of public life in order to bridge the gap between academia and the public and achieve authenticity in the Trouillotian sense.  The academic rigor of the historical profession should not be held captive by aristocratic pretentiousness and semiotic priggishness.

    A recent attempt to balance the academic with the popular, Public History Ryan Gosling, combines public history theory with the viral “Hey Girl” meme (see: Feminist Ryan Gosling, Fuck Yeah! Ryan Gosling).  By engaging with seemingly base components of popular culture like celebrity culture and visual pleasure, the project has reached well over 40,000 people.  Public History Ryan Gosling has been picked up by prominent public history and popular culture websites, stimulated meaningful online conversation on ethical issues in oral history, and been informally displayed at several history museums.  Although short term and far from transgressive, this project nevertheless illustrates the incredible potential for accessibility and dialogue when academics integrate themselves into popular culture.

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    Twitter for the Public Historian

    At its best, Twitter serves as a showcase for wit and a tool for grassroots mobilization.  At its worst it is a platform for inane updates on the daily lives of celebrities and–even worse–of normals.  How can public historians harness the potential of Twitter?

    A brief investigation of institutional and scholarly Twitter feeds in the nebulous field of public history reveals the overwhelming tendency to link to websites and articles of interest.  As a result, Twitter functions as a quick pulse of public history discourse and a personalized database of potentially relevant information.  It offers a useful platform for institutional updates and facilitates connections in the scholarly community.

    Despite these benefits, I can’t shake the suspicion that academic and professional tweeting fails to capture the spirit of Twitter.  What should be an exercise in brevity instead operates as linking system to more traditional manuscripts.  Scholars are at risk of replicating the institutional and intellectual isolation of the Ivory Tower in cyberspace.  To reach out to the public, historians should take Twitter seriously as a culturally relevant form of communication without limiting it as an extension of their traditional work.

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    Scissorizing, Scrapbooking, and SOPA

    In “Scissorizing and Scrapbooks: Nineteenth-Century Reading, Remaking, and Recirculating,” Ellen Gruber Garvey frames nineteenth century scrapbooking as a practice in which readers both consumed and created written works by cutting excerpts of books and newspapers of personal interest and collecting them in a book.  She highlights the contrasting understandings of scrapbooking as poaching or gleaming.  The former served as a more violent and masculine metaphor in which readers hunted and stole; the latter signaled a more justified and feminine method of creating meaning from scraps.  As these competing terms suggest, scrapbooking sometimes prompted criticism from proponents of traditional texts who also cited concerns of decontexualization.  Practitioners of the activity, however, found value in the personalized consumption and display of cannabalized material.

    Garvey’s discussion of nineteenth century scrapbooking holds striking similarities to contemporary Internet practices.  For example, sites like Tumblr or Pinterest function by allowing users to selectively grab images and text from the digital milieu and compile them into a personalized blog.  The negative association with poaching also carries particular relevance in light of recent debates over anti-piracy laws like SOPA or PIPA.  The Oatmeal, a comic blog, offered this succinct and humorous representation of the debate:

    Illustrates the the centrality of poaching in Internet culture

    The Oatmeal illustrating how poaching operates in Internet culture

    The Oatmeal exhibits the twenty first century iteration of the tension between poaching and gleaning.  While the technology that facilitates scissorizing has fundamentally changed since the nineteenth century, the central debate surrounding intellectual ownership and cultural cannibalism remains.

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